Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C) and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
Whisk flour, ginger, cinnamon, baking soda, cloves, and salt together.
Beat butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy.
Add the egg, molasses, and vanilla. Mix until combined.
Gradually add the dry ingredients and mix just until the dough comes together.
Mix the coating sugar and cinnamon in a small bowl.
Scoop dough into 1½-inch balls and roll each in the cinnamon sugar.
Place cookies on the prepared baking sheets, leaving about 2 inches between them.
Bake for 9–11 minutes, until the edges are set but the centers remain slightly soft.
Cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack.